Monday, December 30, 2019
The Rise Of Modern America - 854 Words
This essay will examine the rise of ââ¬Å"modern Americaâ⬠, there were economic, religious, and aspect of life changes took place and it was greatly changed the Americans societyââ¬â¢s perceptions, specifically, the north and the south. The rise of ââ¬Å"modern Americaâ⬠was greatly motivated immigrants to come to the United States for economic opportunity, industrialization in the North after the civil war created new businesses and job regulations, and the demand for social changes; all of these factors shaped America socially, politically, and economically. The Westward expansion provided settlers with fertile lands and according to the Homestead Act, settlers did not require to be an American citizen to fill for lands. Farmers farmed extensively, which led to smaller agricultureââ¬â¢s share of the economy. Although the country was producing more than its consumption, statistically; reflect a decline in the importance of farming, the farmers exported the excess. However, the migration from rural to urban areas increased due to the dominance of wage labor and the rise of industrial America, such as railroads. At this era, the whole economy seemed like to revolve around railroads, every company needs railroad to export/import goods, or accessible transportation, and it was a major supplement that powered the industrial economy. The steel rails accounted for an enormous percentage of the steel production in the United States, also a major consumer of coal and lumber, opened an unlimitedShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Worst Economic Period1255 Words à |à 6 Pages On the morning of September 11th 2001, America suffered one of most deadly and well-known terrorist attacks in history. With over 3,000 deaths and damage to New York City and the Pentagon, America went into shock in under two hours. 20% of Americas knew of a family member, friend, or co-worker who suffered a causality in the attack. The Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered its greatest one day drop since the Great Depression, our nationââ¬â¢s worst economic period. The American people were placed inRead MoreThe World s Tallest Building And The Wealthiest Man From The United States1418 Words à |à 6 Pageseconomic successes are all being witnessed outside the good old United States. Prior to The post-American World, America dominated in nearly every area of success including economics, politics, science, and culture (2). The post-American World isnââ¬â¢t one where the United States does not exist or even an anti-America like the phrase may suggest. Ho wever, The Post-American World illustrates, ââ¬Å"the rise of the restâ⬠or the growth of countries like China, India, Brazil, and Russia. Countries that were once inferiorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Oresteia Trilogy762 Words à |à 4 Pagesin literature, but in modern American history and political system. In early August of 2017, a protest showcasing a public protest from members of the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazi groups, and self-armed Militias took to the streets of Charlottesville, Virginia to protest the city of Charlottesville for the removal of a statue of a Confederate General, Robert E. Lee. One main argument that was discovered through the convoluted and opposing articles surrounding protest in America is that the Black bodyRead MoreThe American Ethos And The Contribution By Franklin1372 Words à |à 6 Pageswritings in creating the American ethos in his work on Advice to a Young Tradesman and subsequently played a part a seminal part in the creation of modern capitalism and globalism through his writing on The Way to Wealth. The concepts introduced in the article are summarized and the concept of the American ethos and the contribution by Franklin to modern capitalism are analyzed and critiqued. The first major concept introduced by Reinsert is that Franklin, in his Advice to a Young Tradesman, claimedRead MoreThe Modern Era Of American History1555 Words à |à 7 Pagesof many Americans due to the revelations in science and the birth of the Modernist movement that spurred societal reformation. However, these progressive ideals and values were met with fierce opposition in many regards that created a polarity in America between proponents of this new religion and advocates for the traditional old religion of Christianity and conservative principles. The 1920s served to utterly alter the values of American society with the genesis of unprecedented scientific knowledgeRead MoreThe Development Of Exploration And The Industrial Revolution1168 Words à |à 5 Pagesrefer to the time between ââ¬ËExplorationâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Industrial Revolutionâ⬠as era of ââ¬Å"Early Modern Historyâ⬠. In between ââ¬ËExplorationâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Industrial Revolutionà ¢â¬ were markers known as ââ¬Å"Reformationâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Enlightenmentâ⬠. This was a time where nations became established and grew increasingly curious of the world around them. Several technological and intellectual advances occurred during this era. Early modern history began with the ââ¬Å"Explorationâ⬠period and ended with the ââ¬Å"Industrial Revolutionâ⬠.Read MoreShould America Have Been America Without Her Negro People?1426 Words à |à 6 PagesSatya sree Vedula Hist 115 Dr. N Creary No Black, No America Prompt: Would America have been America without her Negro people? America is a diverse country that accommodates a variety of people from various ethnic backgrounds. African Americans are one of a kind who are inhabiting the United States since a long time.The question ââ¬Å"Would America have been America without her Negro people?â⬠by W.E.B.Dubois is a strenuous one and has arisen many debates in the past. People say that the answer toRead MoreExecutive Compensation For The Top Five Highest Paid Managers1529 Words à |à 7 Pages Executive Compensation in America Jay G. Maier Labor Markets Inequality Professor Mitra January 17, 2017 Abstract This investigation studies both theoretical and empirical evidence on the trend of rapidly increasing executive compensation in America. Over the course of three decades, executive compensation for the top five highest paid managers of publicly-traded firms has increased so much that the parallel growth in the size of the standard American business, the parallel increaseRead MoreConflict Between The Wealthy And The Needy939 Words à |à 4 Pages2334-2279 BCE, when conflict arose in the land of Mesopotamia. Frictions between two cultures have always existed even to this day. Modern events such as disputes in Ukraine, 9/11, the war in Afghanistan show that dissension is always present throughout the world. However, differences between opposing cultures is not always a negative issue. For instance, the United States of America is a physical definition of multiple cultures thrown together into a mixing pot. Basically the concept of two cultures clashingRead MoreAmerica s Influence On No rth America1130 Words à |à 5 Pages SLO Essay By Levi Newton America has evolved greatly since the late 1800s in its aspects of industrialism, expansionism, progressivism, isolationism, and globalization. The industrial era brought on a rise of big businesses and new opportunities through railroad transportation, and has since then given us a country of strong corporation and an ever expanding possibility of transportation of people and goods, alike. The country fought to expand its property lines, communications, and
Saturday, December 21, 2019
The Role Of Interview Data Research And Discuss The Key...
Critically evaluate the role of interview data in qualitative research and discuss the key characteristics of the processes of data collection and analysis when using interviews as main data source. Introduction Interview is a research-based communication that widely used in qualitative research. It collects research data through the conversation and interaction between interviewers and interviewees. This kind of conversation differs from daily one. Kahn and Cannell (1957, p. 149) described interviewing as a conversation with ââ¬Ëa purposeââ¬â¢ of obtaining knowledge about the respondentââ¬â¢s world, and it helps understand the meaning of what they say as well (Kvale,1996). Besides, the relationship between interviewers and interviewees in qualitative interviews always not equal as it is in daily conversations. The topics and structures of qualitative interviews are conducted by the professional researchers. For a long time, the qualitative interview seems to be a relatively pervasive method of data collection (sage, p.) which is adopted in majority of qualitative research. There are some advantages and disadvantages of interview have been concluded by many researchers, and the prev alence of interview indicates it do more good than harm. The qualitative interview has particular advantages over other data collection methods. First of all, interview, a two-way communication, is more flexible and feasible that researchers and participants could talk about the subjects face-to-face.Show MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis Of Interview Data790 Words à |à 4 PagesCritical Analysis of Interview Data, itââ¬â¢s Role in Qualitative Research, and the Data Collection Analysis of the Main Data Source â⬠Qualitative research can be conducted using multiple sources of data such as observational, documentary, and interview data. This paper will evaluate the role of interview data within qualitative research; as well as discuss come of the key characteristics of the processes of data collection and analysis when interviews are used as the main source of data. Within qualitativeRead MoreStrengths And Limitations Of Qualitative Research1394 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Research is crucial to understand various issues and in order to resolve them. It can be done either quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the type of research paradigm and the requirements of the researcher. Qualitative research particularly doesnââ¬â¢t involve numerical data but studies and collects data in an empirical form. Kerlingerââ¬â¢s view (1966) completely rejected the idea of qualitative research whereas Campbellââ¬â¢s idea (Mile Huberman, 1994) stated all research has a qualitativeRead MoreExploring a Grounded Theory Study on Information Security Policy Compliance1902 Words à |à 8 PagesIntroduction Prior research indicates that employees seldom comply with compulsory information security policies, and organizations are finding that the enforcement of information security policies among employees is a critical challenge (Herath Rao, 2009). Organizations and researchers have traditionally focused on the use of technology to secure computer networks from security breaches (Herath Rao, 2009; Rhee, Kim, Ryu, 2009). Practitioners and researchers have recently realized that effectiveRead MoreApplication Of Discharge From The Emergency Department At Whakat ÃâÃâ Hospital Essay2010 Words à |à 9 Pages2.0 Methods 2.1 Research aims and questions This research aims to explore the process of discharge from the emergency department at Whakatà ne Hospital within the Bay of Plenty District Health Board (DHB) and the resources patients require to effectively self-manage at home. More specifically: 1. What is the frequency of sharing paper based information to patients upon discharge from Whakatà ne Hospitals Emergency Department? 2. What are the patientââ¬â¢s views of discharge information and their optimalRead MoreExploring Different Data Collection Methods4105 Words à |à 17 PagesExploring Different Data Collection Methods Statistical Methods in Business amp; Economics (BUS405) Ching Sum Jessie Ha (80600402) Honolulu University 2015 Exploring Different Data Collection Methods Statistical Methods in Business amp; Economics (BUS405) Ching Sum Jessie Ha (80600402) Introduction Data is collected to learn the effectiveness of a particular tool in preventing defects or to look into the cause of a particular defect (Burrill, Ledolter, p.381). Data removes the trepidationRead MoreResearch Methodology For Qualitative Research Design4210 Words à |à 17 PagesCHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction Chapter two provides a detailed description of the research methods and procedures used to conduct this study. Major sections of this chapter include a rationale for qualitative research design, a description of the setting and participants, an overview of research design, a description of the IRB approval process, data collection methods, methods for data analysis and synthesis, and ethical and trust considerations. The purpose of the proposed studyRead MoreRationale For The Study / Introduction2135 Words à |à 9 Pageson the psychosomatic understanding of street begging (Stones, 2013: 157-158). Furthermore, as the research applies explicitly to a South African context, its other aim is to make a contribution to the overall literature in the range of psycho-social dynamics. While there is an abundance of economic and social science research on this phenomenon, there is only a small amount of qualitative research concerning the beggarsââ¬â¢ own perspectives and stories on their specific situation (Stones, 2013: 157-158)Read MoreSecond Language Acquisition And Identity Formation1531 Words à |à 7 PagesSecond Language Acquisition and Identity Formation Research Question: ââ¬Å"What role does learning a second language play in the way one shapes their identity?â⬠Background: Identity is subjective, not only to the individual to which the identity belongs, but also the way in which others perceive identity. This means that identity is not solely an individual event, but also a social one. Without social practices, such as identifying with specific cultures and norms, how would one know with which customsRead MoreQualitative Research Methods6311 Words à |à 26 PagesQUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FROM AN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE à hsan Ulaà ¾ Kocaoà °lu JANUARY 2006 CONTENTS Definition of Qualitative Research in Social Sciences Approaches to Management Research Positivism versus Phenomenology Deductive and Inductive Schools of Thought in Management Research Major Qualitaitve Research Approaches Ethnographic Approach Phenomenology Field Research Grounded Theory Case study Action Research Narrative research Qualitative Data CollectionRead MoreSupply Chain of Innovation11601 Words à |à 47 Pagescom/0144-3577.htm CASE RESEARCH Case research in operations management Chris Voss, Nikos Tsikriktsis and Mark Frohlich London Business School, London, UK Keywords Operations management, Research, Methodology, Case studies Abstract This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines
Friday, December 13, 2019
Night World Black Dawn Chapter 8 Free Essays
string(45) " had been carved out ofthe cave wall itself\." What are you doing?â⬠he repeated ferociously.His grip was hurting her. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m throwing the water bag down there,â⬠Maggiesaid. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But she was thinking, Heââ¬â¢s so strong. Stronger than anybody Iââ¬â¢ve ever met. He could break mywrist without even trying. ââ¬Å"I know that! Why?â⬠ââ¬Å"Because itââ¬â¢s easier than carrying it down in myteeth,â⬠Maggie said. But that wasnââ¬â¢t the real reason,of course. The truth was that she needed to get temptation out of the way. She was so thirsty thatit was a kind of madness, and she was afraid ofwhat she would do if she held onto this cool, sloshing water bag much longer. He was staring at her with those startling eyes,as if he were trying to pryhis way into her brain.And Maggie had the odd feeling that heââ¬â¢d succeeded, at least far enough that he knew the real reason she was doing this. ââ¬Å"You are an idiot,â⬠he said slowly, with cold wonder. ââ¬Å"You should listen to your body; itââ¬â¢s telling youwhat it needs. You canââ¬â¢t ignore thirst. You canââ¬â¢tdeny it.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, you can,â⬠Maggie said flatly. Her wrist wasgoing numb. If this went on, she was going to dropthe bag involuntarily, and in the wrong place. ââ¬Å"You canââ¬â¢t,â⬠he said, somehow making the wordsinto an angry hiss. ââ¬Å"I should know.â⬠Then he showed her his teeth. Maggie should have been prepared. Jeanne had told her. Vampires and witches and shapeshifters, sheââ¬â¢d said. And Sylvia was a witch,and Bern had been a shapeshifter. This boy was a vampire. The strange thing was that, unlike Bern, he didnââ¬â¢tget uglier when he changed. His face seemed palerand finer, like something chiseled in ice. His goldeneyes burned brighter, framed by lashes that lookedeven blacker in contrast. His pupils opened and seemed to hold a darkness that could swallow aperson up. But it was the mouth that had changed the most.It looked even more willful, disdainful, and sullen-and it was drawn up into a sneer to displaythe fangs. Impressive fangs. Long, translucent white, tapering into delicate points. Shaped like a catââ¬â¢s canines,with a sheen on them like jewels. Not yellowing tusks like Bernââ¬â¢s, but delicate instruments of death. What amazed Maggie was that although helooked completely different from anything sheââ¬â¢d seen before, completely abnormal, he also lookedcompletely natural. This was another kind of creature, just like a human or a bear, with as muchright to live as either of them. Which didnââ¬â¢t mean she wasnââ¬â¢t scared. But shewas frightened in a new way, a way ready for action. She was ready to fight, if fighting became necessary. Sheââ¬â¢d already changed that much since entering this valley: fear now made her not panicked buthyper alert. If I have to defend myself I need both hands.And itââ¬â¢s better not to let him see Iââ¬â¢m scared. ââ¬Å"Maybe you canââ¬â¢t ignore your kind of thirst,â⬠shesaid, and was pleased that her voice didnââ¬â¢t wobble.â⬠But Iââ¬â¢m fine. Except that youââ¬â¢re hurting my wrist. Can you please let go?â⬠For just an instant, the brilliant yellow eyesflared even brighter, and she wondered if he wasgoing to attack her. But then his eyelids lowered,black lashes veiling the brightness. He let go ofher wrist. Maggieââ¬â¢s arm sagged,and the leather bagdropped from her suddenly nerveless fingers. It landed safely at her feet. She rubbed her hand. And didnââ¬â¢t look up a moment later, when he saidwith a kind of quiet hostility, ââ¬Å"Arenââ¬â¢t you afraidof me?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes.â⬠It was true. And it wasnââ¬â¢t just because hewas a vampire or because he had a power thatcould send blue death twenty feet away. It was because of him, of the way he was. He was scary enough in and of himself. ââ¬Å"But what good is it, being afraid?â⬠Maggie said,still rubbing her hand. ââ¬Å"If youââ¬â¢re going to try tohurt me,IT fight back. And so far, you havenââ¬â¢t triedto hurt me. Youââ¬â¢ve only helped me.â⬠ââ¬Å"I told you, I didnââ¬â¢t do it for you.And youââ¬â¢ll neversurvive if you keep on being insane like this.â⬠ââ¬Å"Insane like what?â⬠Now she did look up, to seethat his eyes were burning dark gold and his fangswere gone. His mouth simply looked scornful and aristocratic. ââ¬Å"Trusting people,â⬠he said, as if it should havebeen obvious. ââ¬Å"Taking care of people. Donââ¬â¢t youknow that only the strong ones make it? Weak people are deadweightand if you try to help them, theyââ¬â¢ll drag you down with them.â⬠Maggie had an answer for that. ââ¬Å"Cady isnââ¬â¢tweak,â⬠she said flatly. ââ¬Å"Sheââ¬â¢s sickSheââ¬â¢ll get betterif she gets the chance. And if we donââ¬â¢t take care ofeach other, whatââ¬â¢s going to happen to all of us?â⬠He looked exasperated, and for a few minutesthey stared at each other in mutual frustration. Then Maggie bent and picked up the bag again.â⬠Iââ¬â¢d better give it to her now. Iââ¬â¢ll bring your can teen back.â⬠ââ¬Å"Wait.â⬠His voice was abrupt and cold, unfriendly. But this time he didnââ¬â¢t grab her.â⬠What?â⬠ââ¬Å"Follow me.â⬠He gave the order briefly andturned without pausing to see if she obeyed. It wasclear that he expectedpeople to obey him, withoutquestions. ââ¬Å"Bring the bag,â⬠he said, without lookingover his shoulder. Maggie hesitated an instant, glancing down atCady. But the hollow was protected by the overhanging boulders; Cady would be all right there for a few minutes. She followed the boy. The narrow path that wound around the mountain was rough and primitive, interrupted by bands of broken, razor-sharpslate. She had to pick her way carefully aroundthem. In front of her, the boy turned toward the rocksuddenly and disappeared. When Maggie caught up, she saw the cave. The entrance was small, hardly more than acrack, and even Maggie had to stoop and go in sideways. But inside it opened into a snug littleenclosure that smelled of dampness and cool rock. Almost no light filtered in from the outsideworld. Maggie blinked, trying to adjust to the neardarkness, when there was a sound like a match strike and a smell of sulphur. A tiny flame was born, and Maggie saw the boy lighting some kindof crude stone lamp that had been carved out ofthe cave wall itself. You read "Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 8" in category "Essay examples" He glanced back at her and his eyes flashed gold. But Maggie was gasping, looking around her.The light of the little flame threw a mass of shifting, confusing shadows everywhere, but it alsopicked out threads of sparkling quartz in the rock.The small cave had become a place of enchantment. Andatthe boyââ¬â¢s feet was something that glitteredsilver. In the hush of the still air, Maggie couldhear the liquid, bell-like sound of water dripping. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢sa pool,â⬠the boy said. ââ¬Å"Spring fed. The watees cold, but itââ¬â¢s good. Water .Something like pure lust overcame Maggie. She took three steps forward, ignoring the boy completely, and then her legs collapsed.Shecupped a hand in the pool, felt the coolness encompass it to the wrist, and brought it out asif shewere holding liquid diamond in her palm. Sheââ¬â¢d never tasted anything asgood as that water. No Coke sheââ¬â¢d drunk on the hottest day of summer could compare with it. It ran through herdry mouth and down her parched throatand then it seemed to spread all through her, sparklingthrough her body, soothing and reviving her. A sort of crystal clearness entered her brain. She drankand drank in a state of pure bliss. And then, when she was in the even more blissfulstate of being not thirsty anymore, she plunged the leather bag under the surface to fill it. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s that for?â⬠But there was a certain resignation in the boyââ¬â¢s voice. ââ¬Å"Cady. I have to get back to her.â⬠Maggie sat backon her heels and looked at him. The light dancedand flickered around him, glinting bronze off hisdark hair, casting half his face in shadow. ââ¬Å"Thank you,â⬠she said, quietly, but in a voice thatshook slightly. ââ¬Å"I think you probably saved mylife again.â⬠ââ¬Å"You were really thirsty.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah.â⬠She stood up. ââ¬Å"But when you thought there wasnââ¬â¢t enoughwater, you were going to give it to her.â⬠He couldnââ¬â¢tseem to get over the concept. ââ¬Å"Yeahâ⬠ââ¬Å"Even if it meant you dying?â⬠ââ¬Å"I didnââ¬â¢t die,â⬠Maggie pointed out. ââ¬Å"And I wasnââ¬â¢tplanning to. Butyeah, I guess, if there wasnââ¬â¢t anyother choice.â⬠She saw him staring at her in utterbewilderment. ââ¬Å"I took responsibility for her,â⬠shesaid, trying to explain. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s like when you take ina cat, or-or itââ¬â¢s like being a queen or something.If you say youââ¬â¢re going to be responsible for your subjects, you are. You owe them afterward.â⬠Something glimmered in his golden eyes, just fora moment. It could have been a dagger point ofanger or just a spark of astonishment. There wasa silence. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not thatweird, people taking care of each other,â⬠Maggie said, looking at his shadowed face. ââ¬Å"Doesnââ¬â¢t anybody do it here?â⬠He gave a short laugh. ââ¬Å"Hardly,â⬠he said dryly.â⬠The nobles know how to take care of themselves.And the slaves have to fight each other to survive.â⬠He added abruptly, ââ¬Å"All of which you should know.But of course youââ¬â¢re not from here. Youââ¬â¢re fromOutside.â⬠ââ¬Å"I didnââ¬â¢t know if you knew about Outside,â⬠Mag gie said. ââ¬Å"There isnââ¬â¢t supposed to be any contact. Therewasnââ¬â¢t for about five hundred years. But whenmy-when the old king died, they opened the pass,again and started bringing in slaves from the outside world. New blood.â⬠He said it simply andmatter-of-factly. Mountain men, Maggie thought. For years there had been rumors about the Cascades, about menwho lived in hidden places among the glaciers andpreyed on climbers. Men or monsters. There were always hikers who claimed to have seen Bigfoot. And maybe they had-or maybe theyââ¬â¢d seen ashapeshifter like Bern. ââ¬Å"And you think thatââ¬â¢s okay,â⬠she said out loud.â⬠Grabbing people from the outside world and dragging them in here to be slaves.â⬠ââ¬Å"Notpeople.Humans.Humansarevermin;theyââ¬â¢re not intelligent.â⬠He said it in that same dispassionate tone, looking right at her. ââ¬Å"Are you crazy?â⬠Maggieââ¬â¢s fists were clenched; herhead was lowered. Stomping time. She glared upat him through narrowed lashes. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re talking to a human right now. Am I intelligent or not?â⬠ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re a slave without any manners,â⬠he saidcurtly. ââ¬Å"And the law says I could kill you for the way youââ¬â¢retalkingto me.â⬠His voice was so cold, so arrogantâ⬠¦but Maggiewas starting not to believe it. That couldnââ¬â¢t be all there was to him. Becausehe was the boy in her dream. The gentle, compassionate boy whoââ¬â¢d looked ather with a flame of love behind his yellow eyes,and whoââ¬â¢d held her with such tender intensity, hisheart beating against hers, his breath on her cheek. That boy had been real-and even if it didnââ¬â¢t makeany sense, Maggie was somehow certain of it. And no matter how cold and arrogant this one seemed, they had to be part of each other. It didnââ¬â¢t make her less afraid of this one, exactly.But it made her more determined to ignore herfear. ââ¬Å"In my dream,â⬠she said deliberately, advancinga step on him, ââ¬Å"you cared about at least onehuman. You wanted to take care of me.â⬠ââ¬Å"You shouldnââ¬â¢t even be allowedto dream aboutme,â⬠he said. His voice wasas tense and grim asever, but as Maggie got closer to him, looking directly up into his face, he did something that amazed her. He fell back a step. ââ¬Å"Why not? Because Iââ¬â¢m a slave? Iââ¬â¢m a person.â⬠She took another step forward, still looking at him challengingly. ââ¬Å"And I donââ¬â¢t believe that youââ¬â¢re asbad as you say you are. I think I saw what youwere really like in my dream.â⬠ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re crazy,â⬠he said. He didnââ¬â¢t back up anyfarther, there was nowhere left to go. But his wholebody was taut. ââ¬Å"Why should I want to take care of you?â⬠he added in a cold and contemptuous voice.â⬠Whatââ¬â¢s so special about you?â⬠It was a good question, and for a moment Maggie was shaken. Tears sprang to her eyes. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know,â⬠she said honestly. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m nobodyspecial. There isnââ¬â¢tany reason for you to care aboutme. But it doesnââ¬â¢t matter. You saved my life whenBern was going to kill me, and you gave me waterwhen you knew I needed it. You can talk all youwant, but those are the facts. Maybe you just care about everybody, underneath. Or-ââ¬Å" She never finished the last sentence. As she had been speaking to him, she was doingsomething she always did, that was instinctive to.,her when she felt some strong emotion. She had done it with P.J. and with Jeanne and with Cady. She reached out toward him. And although shewas only dimly aware that he was pulling his handsback to avoid her, she adjusted automatically,catching his wristsâ⬠¦. And that was when she lost her voice and whatshe was saying flew out of her head. Because something happened. Something that she couldnââ¬â¢t ex plain, that was stranger than secret kingdoms orvampires or witchcraft. It happened justas her fingers closed on hishands. It was the first time they had touched like that, bare skin to bare skin. When he had grabbed her wrist before, her jacket sleeve had been in be tween them. It started as an almost painful jolt, a pulsatingthrill that zigged up her arm and then sweptthrough her body. Maggie gasped, but somehowshe couldnââ¬â¢t let go of his hand. Like someone beingelectrocuted, she was frozen in place. The blue fire, she thought wildly. Heââ¬â¢s doing thesame thing to me that he did to Bern. But the next instant she knew that he wasnââ¬â¢t. This wasnââ¬â¢t the savage energy that had killed Bern, and it wasnââ¬â¢t anything the boy was doing to her. Itwas something being done to both of them, by some incredibly powerful source outside either of them. And it was trying â⬠¦ to open a channel. Thatwas the only way Maggie could describe it. It was blazing a path open in her mind, and connectingit to his. She feltas if she had turned around and unexpectedly found herself facing another personââ¬â¢s soul.A soul that was hanging there, without protection,already in helpless communication with hers. It was by far the most intense thing that hadever happened to her. Maggie gasped again, seeingstars, and then her legs melted and she fellforward He caught her, but he couldnââ¬â¢t stand up either.Maggie knew that as well as she knew what wasgoing on in her own body. He sank to his knees, holding her. What are you doing to me? It was a thought, but it wasnââ¬â¢t Maggieââ¬â¢s. It washis. I donââ¬â¢t know â⬠¦Iââ¬â¢m not doing it â⬠¦ I donââ¬â¢t understand!Maggie had no idea how to send herthoughts to another person. But she didnââ¬â¢t need to,it was simply happening. A pure line of communication had been opened between them. It was afierce and terrible thing, a bit like being fused together by a bolt of lightning, but it was also so wonderful that Maggieââ¬â¢s entire skin was prickling and her mind was hushed with awe. She felt as if sheââ¬â¢d been lifted into some new andwonderful place that most people never even saw. The air around her seemed to quiver with invisible wings. This is how people are supposed to be,shethought. Joined like this. Open to each other. Withnothing hidden and no stupid walls between them. A thought came back at her, sharp and quickasa hammer strike. No! It was so cold, so full of rejection, that for a moment Maggie was taken aback. But then she sensedwhat else was behind it. Angerâ⬠¦ and fear. He was afraid of this, andof her. He felt invaded. Exposed. Well, I do, too,Maggie said mentally. It wasnââ¬â¢tthat she wasnââ¬â¢t afraid. It was that her fear was irrelevant. The force that held them was so much morepowerful than either of them, so immeasurably ancient, that fear was natural but not important. The same light shone through each of them, strippingaway their shields, making them transparent toeach other. Itââ¬â¢s all right for you. Because you donââ¬â¢t have any thing to be ashamed of!The thought flashed by so quickly that Maggie wasnââ¬â¢t even sure she hadheard it. What do you mean?she thought. Wait â⬠¦ Delos. That was his name. Delos Redfern. She knew itnow, as unquestionably as she knew the names ofher own family. She realized, too, as a matter of minor importance, an afterthought, that he was a prince. A vampire prince whoââ¬â¢d been born to rule this secret kingdom, as the Redfern family had ruled it for centuries. The old king was your father,she said to him. And he died three years ago, when you were fourteen. Youââ¬â¢ve been ruling ever since. He was pulling away from her mentally, trying tobreak the contact between them. Itââ¬â¢s none of your business, he snarled. Please wait,Maggie said. But as she chased after him mentally, trying to catch him, to help him,something shocking and new happened, like a second bolt of lightning. How to cite Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 8, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Asian Variant Of Theatre Essay Example For Students
Asian Variant Of Theatre Essay Asian theatre is comprised of more than one geographic area. It consists ofIndia, China and Japan. Each brought their own uniqueness to Asian theatre. Asian theatre as it pertains to China will be discussed in this chapter. AncientChinese chronicles mention other theatrical activities such as skits,pantomimes, juggling, singing and dancing. This serves as an indication thatthere were early Chinese versions of popular entertainment. During the YuanDynasty, China was ruled not by a Chinese emperor but rather by a Mongol. Therewas an outbreak of drama in the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan drama was usually written infour acts. Usually the leading character sang all of the music in any given act. The poetic content in these plays was considered the central factor in theirsuccess. One of the most famous plays that have survived from this period is TheRomance of the Western Chamber, by Wang Shifu. Also, by this point both malesand females alike were performing on stage. Chinese theatre in the Ming Dynasty,which came when the Mongols were overthrown after the Yuan Dynasty, brought backtraditional social behavior. A Chinese emperor was restored to the throne duringthis time. Dramatists reverted to writing only for the elite, and theaters lostcontact with the broad public. Lute Song by Gao Ming was a best known play ofthis time. It dealt with questions of family loyalty. In particular it dealtwith a husband leaving his wife abandoned. Beijing Opera was formed fromelements of folk theater and other genres popular among ordinary people. It wasoriginally called Peking Opera because for many years it was known westerners asPeking. It is not like the grand opera of the west. It combine s music andtheater, but is also based on dance and even acrobatics. The theater arrangementfor these operas are like a modern dinner theater. The audience has dinner anddrinks as the performance goes on. The costumes and makeup are also verysymbolic. Chinese theatre has its own uniqueness. Although other areas oftheatre have used makeup and costume symbolically, Chinese theatre symbolism isexaggerated more. The bright costumes and lavish makeup tell you a story aboutthese characters, not only their emotion. The colors and patterns of makeupsignal to he audience what kind of character the performer is playing.
Thursday, November 28, 2019
The Dream Theory Essay Example For Students
The Dream Theory Essay Dreams let your imagination flow, and my imagination sure does flow and produce some of the craziest dreams. When I recorded my dreams, there were a few common threads surrounded by family, friends (both old and current), as well as strangers who Iââ¬â¢ve never seen before or donââ¬â¢t recall ever seeing. Not only that but most of my dreams, overall, ended or began on a positive note. They also seemed to all relate to me in some way, whether it was due to the fact I pondered about those subjects sometimes, or because I was ââ¬Å"the main characterâ⬠or one of them anyway. We will write a custom essay on The Dream Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This self-centering was seen throughout all of my dreams I think about how global warming is going to affect the world in upcoming years, I was the only person talking at the store because I was paying for my friends and told them that they had to pay me back, Ben and I were doing the most of talking/play fighting, Harry and I were just talking about random things, and I became famous on youtube because some people decided to watch my DIY videos. Although my dreams sound pretty normal, most my dreams struck me as quite bizarre. Itââ¬â¢s not that I donââ¬â¢t have strange dreams at times, it was just that this time my imagination went sort over and beyond the normal amount resulting in strange places and events. For example, in my global warming dream, I dreamt that I was walking on a bridge that was in the middle of a body of water and there were waves that reached over 100 ft on either side of the bridge and never really crashed. Now call me weird for thinking that my dream was bizarre, but I know for a fact that a wave cannot randomly cease to exist in the middle and just stay at the same height without even the slightest drop or increase in height. Another really strange occurance in my dreams was when I payed for my friends stuff at a store and I told them to pay me back. This struck me as bizarre because my friends never even asked me to pay for them in the first place, and even were about to pay when I decided to step in and pay for them. The last strange incident was that I made DIY videos and put them on youtube, and actually became famous. I thought that this dream was weird because I always fail at my DIY projects and am frankly too lazy to upload videos onto youtube. My imagination was on overdrive during winter break. Although my dreams were quite bizarre, none of them disturbed me in a bad way but some had old friend which stirred up a bit of sadness, and one sort of made me want to better my actions. For example, in my dream about Ben, although it was a wonderful dream where Ben, I, Kirby, and Kyle were all hanging out and having fun, it made me feel somewhat put down. I wasnââ¬â¢t put down because we all had fun, but to be reminded that I am no longer closer to one of my closest friends since 4th grade because we simply grew apart. Unlike in my dream with Ben, my dream about global warming made me open my eyes in a different way. It didnââ¬â¢t cause sadness, but a sort of woke me up. I realized that global warming and its effects are taking a toll on us everyday, and that if we donââ¬â¢t something, even make the smallest effort to change, the effects could be detrimental. As in my dreams about my friend Ben, and global warming, I see a few common themes/symbols. One was that I always had familiar people around me, and all my dreams tended to be happy/casual for at least some part of the dream. I feel that always being surrounded by familiar people means that I like being with familiar people and am not an open and bubbly person who talks to everyone all the time. .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a , .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .postImageUrl , .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a , .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:hover , .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:visited , .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:active { border:0!important; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:active , .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e8e47d652f012efc28c871058c4399a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Different World EssayIn addition, I feel the common theme of happiness and casualness means that I tend to put aside stressors and concentrate on the good rather than the bad, and that I like to be laid back and relaxed. In this way I feel that my dreams are very relevant to my waking life because I donââ¬â¢t usually tend to talk to new people, and I do love relaxing and hanging out with people I am familiar with. All together my dreams seem to have one main function to get me ready to face any obstacle and not be afraid when I am faced with something new. The manifest content of all my dreams was being happy and having a good time, other than my global warming dream which was to wake up and see what is happening around me at a fairly rapid pace. The latent content, however, differed slightly from dream to dream. My dream about global warming was telling me to do something to lessen the amount that I contribute to global warming, while my dream about paying for my friends reminded me that I forgot that they actually had to pay me back money from previous time (and at those times they actually asked to borrow money from me). My dream about my old friend told me to remember the bittersweet friendship but not latch on to the memories and keep hoping that weââ¬â¢ll be friends again, while my dream about talking to Harry in Med Tech about random things showed me that we lose friends but then we gain others, and my dream about becoming famous told me that I really want to become famous and to also succeed at finishing DIY projects correctly.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
The Man who makes History essays
The Man who makes History essays The believe that it is the man who determines history is totally true. The man is the cause of almost anything is great regard in history. The actions of man has been to go against what is perceived as impossible. To defy the odds and go against the grain. Jesse Owens and Muhammad Ali, prove the position at hand. In Jesse Owens case, you could say that he was in the right place at the right time. However, he was an American. An African-American. An African-American who was going against, the Master Race of Adolf Hitler. Not to mention the hostile crowd that packed the Coliseum of Berlin in the 1936 Olympics. Owens went on to win 4 gold medals, in the 100 meters, 200 meters, the long jump, and the 4x100 relay. If it were any other American, this event wouldnt have so much. Since it was Mr. Owens, it meant that much more. You would expect a boxer who is brash, cocky, and who had a swagger one could only dream, to be hated by everyone. To have the living daylights knocked out of them by someone who didnt want to hear about all the crap he had been saying days before a fight. For Cassius Clay, also known as Muhammad Ali, Ali was confident, not arrogant. Ali believed, he didnt fill the hype. He just believed in what he knew and he let everyone know about it. When the Vietnam war arouse in the late 1960s, Muhammad Ali was given a forced decision. He received a letter in the mail telling him by the Selective Service that he must report to camp to prepare to go to Vietnam for war. He had one of two choices, number #1, to go to war and not go to jail even though his Muslim belief stated that it was wrong, or number #2, go to jail, give up his Heavyweight championship, and go in opposition to the government, and stick up for what he believed in. So he went to jail, lost his title, and stood up for wh at he believed in, all is it in the prime of his ...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Que Onda Urban Youth Culture and Border Identity Essay - 4
Que Onda Urban Youth Culture and Border Identity - Essay Example stigation of the Mexican cultural traits, the work demonstrates the brilliance and command of the author over human thoughts and psychology on the one side, and activities and interests the individuals belonging to various ethno-racial groups observe on the other. Thus, Bejarano has skillfully elaborated the problems faced by various ethno-racial communities in respect of their identities and traditions while living in a multi-cultural country and interacting the people belonging to many cultural and social groups. The Mexican youth, according to Bejarano (2007 4), represents the distinguished historical heritage attributed to their traditional civilization. The author views schools and educational institutions to be one of the most astounding reflections of the culture as well as the developments being made within a social structure (4-5). It is particularly the case with the immigrant ethno-racial groups, which make an impressive presentation of the cultural background as well as the social positioning they belong to. The minority racial and ethnic groups, according to the author, adopt several things from the mainstream culture through assimilation and interaction with others. However, an imperative majority of them do not give up the customs and values have been attributed to their forefathers. It is equally the case with the Latinos, Mexicans, Indians, African Americans and Asians at large. It is therefore the age-old minority groups residing in the USA for the last many decades share var ious traits with the newly migrated minority groups belonging to their race and ethnicity (Wilson & Gutierrez 1995 2). It is partly because of the influx of immigrants to the USA by the last decade of twentieth century, where the US administrations supported and promoted immigration in order to invite the brilliant and educated individuals to their country from all corners of the globe at large (Bejarano 23). Modern US historian Marcus Hansen has articulated his principle of
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Overview and Advertisement related to Social Networking Essay
Overview and Advertisement related to Social Networking - Essay Example There were times when people had very less friends, they used to socialize very less, there were very less options a person could consult with or people had to go to professional consultants for advise, they had to spend a large some of money for data they required. People used to have very less material for entertainment and people found or referred there life as boring due to less activities and social life, that part of time was when there was no social soft wares or very less soft wares with very limited options in it like MSN and Yahoo messenger which allowed itââ¬â¢s users to interact with different people by finding there email identities and adding them in their messenger software to interact or share different utilities, but this was limited only from one to one user until soft wares like Face book came into being. Nowadays in the modern world the rise of different communication setups can be witnessed. Many things can be included in these communication setups such as Msn Messenger Yahoo Messenger and other similar services. Similarly with the advent of new technologies it is witnessed that social communication through websites is on the rise. Social Communication websties such as Facebook and Myspace are real life examples of such a service. Facebook and Myspace which were originally developed to serve a single community have now been expanded all over the world. Both of these entitites started off with college students and they have now turned out to be world changing entitites.
Monday, November 18, 2019
Evaluate the training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Evaluate the training - Essay Example iduals to provide better customer services, there are some sound principles that the evaluation process must be based upon and some four levels of evaluation that need be considered. Sometimes trainers fail to address the importance of having the evaluation process fit the specific standards and levels of training. Drawing generalizations from a single evaluation design fails to identify the strengths and weaknesses of training given there are different objectives. Level one- results/impacts: this level measures the effectiveness of the evaluation initiative. While this level is the most difficult to consume while compared to the other three, it is evidently the most important as it underscores the whole process. Measurement of results of the learning process might be looked at in the following perspectives: Level three, on the other hand, looks at leaning in the extent to which the learners were able to improve their knowledge and skills and where they also had a change in attitudes after going through the learning process. The last levels measure how the learner perceives and maybe react to both the learning and performance process. The level, known as motivation, makes use of attitude questionnaires passed out after the completion of the learning
Friday, November 15, 2019
Accelerated Pathways for Authorisation of Drugs
Accelerated Pathways for Authorisation of Drugs Mary Treasa Lohan Abstract and Summary Every year, thousands of chemical and biological entities are developed in the hope of making it to the shelf. The drug development process is the progression by which drugs will either be approved or not approved for use, and spans from discovery and preclinical testing to Phase IV of Clinical Trials (post marketing surveillance). The underpinning aim is to ensure the safety and efficacy of a drug before it can be approved for use. Given that only one in every 5,000 to 10,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing are approved for marketing, and that an average of 15 years is required to take a drug through the complete process, the drug development process is a long and costly one. The two main regulatory bodies in the world are the FDA (USA) and the EMA (EU) and while the drug approval process varies from the EU to the USA, the basic regulation process remains the same. Figure 1 Basic drug development regulation à à (Kashyap et al., 2013) 1.1. Drug approval process in the US In brief, the process of drug approval in the US first involves the submission of an Investigational New Drug application by the Sponsor. This allows the Clinical Trials to commence once the data from the Preclinical trials shows that the drug is safe. Once the drug is shown to be safe and effective (Clinical Trials data), a New Drug Application is filed which is essentially an application to manufacture and sell the drug (Rick, 2009). 1.1. Drug approval process in the EU The application process for the EU, similar to the US, requires two steps. The first step is a clinical trial application to an individual member state, and then a marketing approval. The marketing approval in the EU can take one of three approaches The centralised procedure The mutual recognition procedure The decentralised procedure As mentioned before, the purpose of the drug development process is to ensure safe and effective drugs are available to the patient. However, both the US and EU processes are very lengthy procedures and often do not provide rapid patient access to drugs. There is of course a balance to be struck between providing patients with rapid access to medicines and ensuring adequate information is available regarding the risk-benefit factors of the drug, sometimes termed the evidence versus access challenge (Eichler et al., 2015). 1.2. Improvements In recent times however, much has been done to try and improve the situation (Baird et al., 2014). In the EU, there are two means to fast track approval of a drug; Accelerated assessment and Conditional marketing authorisation. The Conditional marketing authorisation process allows the approval of a medicine that address unmet medical needs of patients on the basis of less comprehensive data than normally required. The available data must indicate that the medicines benefits outweigh its risks and the applicant should be in a position to provide the comprehensive clinical data in the future (EMA, 2015). In 2014, the EMA initiated a pilot project for a new model of drug testing and marketing called Adaptive Pathways (also known as Adaptive Licensing, or more recently the terms Medicines Adaptive Pathways (MAPs) or Medicines Adaptive Pathways to Patients (MAPPs) have been used). This concept allows new drugs that would treat unmet medical needs to be launched on the market faster, based on an incomplete data set (Davis et al., 2016). This project aims to discuss Adaptive Pathways in general, the different types of Adaptive Pathways, as well as the types of drugs that are suitable for these pathways. Finally, the Adaptive Pathway approval strategies in the EU and the US will be discussed. 2.1. Adaptive Pathways 2014 saw the introduction of a pilot program by which drugs could potential to make it to the market faster in order to fulfil unmet medical needs, the Adaptive Pathway. The idea was to ensure timely patient access to new drugs, while ensuring adequate risk benefit information was available. The Adaptive Pathways model presented by the EMA is not a new route of marketing authorisation but rather makes use of existing regulatory approaches such as the conditional marketing authorisation or the standard marketing authorisation. Using this pilot program, drugs could be authorized conditionally or in a staggered fashion using data gathered throughout the life of the product. The three key principles of Adaptive Pathways are; Iterative development Gathering real-life evidence Early involvement of stakeholders Bearing in mind that drugs are approved through adaptive pathways based on incomplete data and are given market approval earlier in the development process, iterative development refers to the gathering of data to increase knowledge after authorisation. It is a staggered approach to widen the target population or expand the indication. The data collected can also be used to reduce any uncertainties that were present at the early approval stage. A key component of Adaptive Pathways is a well-defined prospective plan for collecting real-life data that can be used in conjunction with the Clinical Trials data to enhance the risk benefit ratio (Eichler et al., 2012). Communication between stakeholders is critical and helps to decide what medicines are suitable, and are also responsible for creating an agreed prospective plan required for data gathering throughout the lifecycle of the product. Stakeholders are involved from a very early stage and can include health technology assessment (HTA) bodies, patients, as well as regulators and healthcare professionals. 2.2. Benefits and challenges of Adaptive Pathways The obvious advantage of the Adaptive Pathway is that the patient can potentially have access to a drug in a much shorter time period than if the drug had to go through the standard application process. If the drug shows a good risk benefit outcome, the drug can be approved at an earlier stage, while real-life data is gathered at predefined intervals from patients to confirm effectiveness. There is also the opportunity for drugs to be fully approved within a shorter timeframe than normal.Ãâà Eichler also suggests that this process may reduce the overall cost of development by allowing better-informed decisions on product viability to be made earlier in the development process (Eichler et al., 2012). Eichler has published an article detailing the enablers of this new concept (Eichler et al., 2015). However, since the publication of the EMAs final report in July following the completion of the pilot program, a number of articles have been published which criticise the new concept (Eichler et al., 2012) (Woodcock, 2012). Unlike the standard authorisation, the Adaptive Pathway uses preliminary data and omits a number of steps that were designed to protect patients from unsafe and ineffective drugs and, this raises concerns as to whether this can potentially lead to increased risk to the patient. For adaptive Pathways to work, it is critical that evidence obtained after initial approval be taken into consideration. However, it has been found that healthcare professionals are often slow to abandon unsafe methods (Tatsioni et al., 2007). This is worrying as the basis of Adaptive Pathways is that reliable data is generated after authorisation that will shed more light on the risk benefit to the patient. Another serious concern relates to the life cycle management of the new drug (Davis et al., 2016). As mentioned earlier, a key principle of the Adaptive Pathway is gathering real-life evidence in post-marketing studies that would be used to update the risk benefit information. However, it would seem that in the case of conditionally approved drugs, the regulatory bodies have failed to ensure post-marketing study commitments are followed through (Banzi et al., 2015). It has also been suggested that where undesirable findings are encountered, companies may dispute these as unreliable results (McCabe et al., 2010) or may discount them because there are large financial gains or reputations at risk (Prasad et al., 2012). Moreover, the willingness of stakeholders to participate in a program that involves more uncertainty, and correspondingly perhaps more risk, than before will be one of the greatest challenges to the Adaptive Pathway. 2.3. Suitable drugs for Adaptive Pathways The report issued by the EMA suggests that drugs that treat infectious diseases, Alzheimers disease, degenerative diseases and rare cancers are potential candidates for this process with the objective of furthering their development and that suitable for the Adaptive Pathways would be those that treat rare diseases, where clinical data is not that common. The EMA have provided a flowchart to help companies determine if a product is an appropriate candidate or not, (Figure 2). Based on this, the key features of a drug that could be deemed suitable for this Adaptive Pathways approach are; iterative development, collaboration with HTA, and the use of real time data for regulatory purposes. Figure 2 Adaptive Pathway product eligibility flowchart While there is no strict restriction on what type of drugs are eligible for the Adaptive Pathways, the EMA states that this route is not to be applicable to all medicines, but only to medicines that are likely to address an unmet medical need(EMA, 2016). During the pilot, 62 applications were received from a variety of therapeutic areas with cancer therapies accounting for a large proportion (33%). It is worth noting that Orphan designated drugs are suitable candidates, with 5 making it through to Stage 1 Meetings (15 drugs had been given Orphan drug designation by the European Commission at the time of submission) (EMA, 2016). (EMA, 2016) 2.5. Adaptive Pathway approval strategy in the USA Within the USA, there are four approaches to getting drugs on the market as rapidly as possible, and in each case the drug must be intended to treat a serious condition. A serious condition is defined as a disease or condition associated with morbidity that has a substantial impact on day-to-day functioning Fast Track Breakthrough Therapy Accelerated Approval Priority Review Fast Track refers to the process, approved in 1992 under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, by which drugs needed to treat serious conditions or to fulfil unmet medical needs are rapidly approved. According to the FDA, filling an unmet medical need is defined as providing a therapy where none exists or providing a therapy which may be potentially better than available therapy (FDA, 2014). This strategy means more communication with the FDA regarding the drug development plan, data collection and clinical trials design. In addition, a Fast Track designated drug is potentially eligible for Accelerated Approval and Priority Review if it meets the applicable criteria. Breakthrough Therapy designation accelerates the development of drugs needed to treat serious conditions that have shown substantial advantages over existing treatments in early clinical studies (Poirier and Murphy, 2016). This strategy utilises a surrogate endpoint. A surrogate endpoint is a marker used to determine effectiveness of a drug, such as the shrinking of a tumour and is often used rather than actual clinical endpoints, such as survival rates. Another example would be a significantly improved safety profile compared to available therapy (FDA). In addition to the Fast Track designation benefits, Breakthrough Therapy drugs receive a vast amount of guidance with the drug development program. Referencesà BAIRD, L. G., BANKEN, R., EICHLER, H. G., KRISTENSEN, F. B., LEE, D. K., LIM, J. C. W., LIM, R., LONGSON, C., PEZALLA, E. SALMONSON, T. 2014. Accelerated access to innovative medicines for patients in need. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics, 96, 559-571. BANZI, R., GERARDI, C. GARATTINI, S. 2015. Approvals of drugs with uncertain benefit-risk profiles in Europe. European journal of internal medicine, 26, 572-584. DAVIS, C., LEXCHIN, J., JEFFERSON, T., GÃËTZSCHE, P. MCKEE, M. 2016. Adaptive pathways to drug authorisation: adapting to industry? BMJ: British Medical Journal, 354. EICHLER, H. G., BAIRD, L. G., BARKER, R., BLOECHLà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã DAUM, B., BÃËRLUMà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã KRISTENSEN, F., BROWN, J., CHUA, R., DEL SIGNORE, S., DUGAN, U. FERGUSON, J. 2015. From adaptive licensing to adaptive pathways: Delivering a flexible lifeà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã span approach to bring new drugs to patients. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics, 97, 234-246. EICHLER, H. G., OYE, K., BAIRD, L. G., ABADIE, E., BROWN, J., L DRUM, C., FERGUSON, J., GARNER, S., HONIG, P. HUKKELHOVEN, M. 2012. Adaptive licensing: taking the next step in the evolution of drug approval. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 91, 426. EMA. 2015. Fast track routes for medicines that address unmet medical needs [Online].Ãâà [Accessed]. EMA 2016. Final report on the adaptive pathways pilot. FDA. Breakthrough Therapy [Online]. Available: http://www.fda.gov/ForPatients/Approvals/Fast/ucm405399.htm [Accessed]. FDA. 2014. Fast Track [Online]. Available: http://www.fda.gov/ForPatients/Approvals/Fast/ucm405399.htm [Accessed]. KASHYAP, U. N., GUPTA, V. RAGHUNANDAN, H. V. 2013. Comparison of Drug Approval Process in United States & Europe. J Pharm Sci Res, 5, 131-6. MCCABE, C., CHILCOTT, J., CLAXTON, K., TAPPENDEN, P., COOPER, C., ROBERTS, J., COOPER, N. ABRAMS, K. 2010. Continuing the multiple sclerosis risk sharing scheme is unjustified. Bmj, 340, c1786. POIRIER, A. F. MURPHY, W. R. 2016. The Impact of Breakthrough Therapy Designation on Development Strategies and Timelines for Nononcology Drugs and Vaccines. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics, 100, 603-605. PRASAD, V., CIFU, A. IOANNIDIS, J. P. A. 2012. Reversals of established medical practices: evidence to abandon ship. Jama, 307, 37-38. RICK, N. 2009. Drugs from discovery to approval., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TATSIONI, A., BONITSIS, N. G. IOANNIDIS, J. P. A. 2007. Persistence of contradicted claims in the literature. Jama, 298, 2517-2526. WOODCOCK, J. 2012. Evidence vs. Access: Can Twentyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã Firstà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã Century Drug Regulation Refine the Tradeoffs? Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics, 91, 378-380. staggered or conditional marketing authorization AL is expected to involve a trade-off between earlier access for some patients vs. an increased level of acceptable uncertainty about benefits and risks, although the degree of uncertainty is expected to diminish with additional evidence generation. One of the main purposes of the AL scheme is to get more robust and more relevant data earlier and throughout product development. Any attempt to move toward a more adaptive approach would have to be complemented by appropriate communications to key stakeholders and assurance that the appropriate post-initial authorization capabilities exist for ongoing monitoring of medical products for which AL has been applied
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
In Defense of Capital Punishment :: Pro Capital Punishment Essays
In Defense of Capital Punishment There are some words that often return when we defend the death penalty: justice and human dignity. These words also constitute a foundation for that which is called democracy and civilization. These two realities can also be regarded as two bearing pillars in the defense of capital punishment. Justice is a highly regarded word in society and in politics, but within the judicial system and that which concerns crime and punishment, justice has, both as a word and as a conception, ended up existing in the shadows. People want to lift forth this truth in the light, since justice should be the foundation within the legal system. When the death penalty is discussed the aspect of justice should be allowed in the foreground first and foremost. Man has an inviolable dignity and, therefore, deserves the highest respect. Human dignity and respect, not foremost for the one who hurts his fellowman but for the victims of crimes and his relatives, is something that should be brought forth considerably more than today, and especially in connection with the death penalty. But the prerequisite for that is that sympathy and solidarity with the victim should increase in society. In order to rightly value the death penalty it is necessary to have empathy and understanding for all the victims and their relatives. The capital punishment makes up one link on the way to a safer society. The capital punishment means that some heinous criminals never again will walk on the streets, and that makes the society a somewhat safer place. Murderers and violent criminals will always exist in society and the death penalty will only lower the number of criminals marginally. It is inevitable, however, that every violent criminal less that exists in a society will mean a safer society. A prison term on the other hand would mean that there would always be a pressing dark cloud of worries over a society. Also, in prisons the interns and personnel would feel safer with the death penalty. It is not unusual with conflicts, violence and murder in prison. Some interns who have been sentenced to long prison terms or lifetime would probably deter from cruel acts of violence and murder if they knew that it could lead to the death penalty. Today, on the other hand, he who has been sentenced to lifetime in prison cannot be sentenced too much more and, therefore, he would probably neither be deterred from committing further crimes. In Defense of Capital Punishment :: Pro Capital Punishment Essays In Defense of Capital Punishment There are some words that often return when we defend the death penalty: justice and human dignity. These words also constitute a foundation for that which is called democracy and civilization. These two realities can also be regarded as two bearing pillars in the defense of capital punishment. Justice is a highly regarded word in society and in politics, but within the judicial system and that which concerns crime and punishment, justice has, both as a word and as a conception, ended up existing in the shadows. People want to lift forth this truth in the light, since justice should be the foundation within the legal system. When the death penalty is discussed the aspect of justice should be allowed in the foreground first and foremost. Man has an inviolable dignity and, therefore, deserves the highest respect. Human dignity and respect, not foremost for the one who hurts his fellowman but for the victims of crimes and his relatives, is something that should be brought forth considerably more than today, and especially in connection with the death penalty. But the prerequisite for that is that sympathy and solidarity with the victim should increase in society. In order to rightly value the death penalty it is necessary to have empathy and understanding for all the victims and their relatives. The capital punishment makes up one link on the way to a safer society. The capital punishment means that some heinous criminals never again will walk on the streets, and that makes the society a somewhat safer place. Murderers and violent criminals will always exist in society and the death penalty will only lower the number of criminals marginally. It is inevitable, however, that every violent criminal less that exists in a society will mean a safer society. A prison term on the other hand would mean that there would always be a pressing dark cloud of worries over a society. Also, in prisons the interns and personnel would feel safer with the death penalty. It is not unusual with conflicts, violence and murder in prison. Some interns who have been sentenced to long prison terms or lifetime would probably deter from cruel acts of violence and murder if they knew that it could lead to the death penalty. Today, on the other hand, he who has been sentenced to lifetime in prison cannot be sentenced too much more and, therefore, he would probably neither be deterred from committing further crimes.
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